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Ingredient dossier · No. 024

Fluoride

Also: sodium fluoride · stannous fluoride · sodium monofluorophosphate · amine fluoride


Probably fine at toothpaste and water concentrationschronic high-dose exposure is a concern worth tracking, but typical dental use is not.


01 · Hormonal impact

Testosterone & hormonal load

Evidence
WeakIn vitro only or single study

At levels found in fluoridated drinking water and toothpaste, fluoride is not established as an endocrine disruptor for testosterone in most adult humans. Some ecological studies and the NTP 2024 systematic review found associations between high fluoride exposure and lower IQ in children at concentrations above 1.5 mg/L (higher than US community water at 0.7 mg/L). Thyroid effects at higher doses are observed in animal studies. The debate continues and tracking the evidence is worthwhile.


02 · Where it appears

Found in.

01Toothpaste (most conventional brands)
02Mouthwash
03Community drinking water
04Fluoride supplements

03 · The regulators

Two jurisdictions, two different verdicts.

European Union

Permitted in toothpaste at up to 1,500 ppm (0.15%) fluoride. Fluoride supplements regulated as medicines. Water fluoridation not practiced in most EU countries.

United States · FDA

Approved as OTC drug ingredient for dental cavity prevention. Fluoride in drinking water regulated by EPA at max 4 mg/L; recommended level is 0.7 mg/L.


04 · Sources

The receipts.

  1. [01]
    NTP Fluoride Monograph 2024 — Systematic review of neurotoxicity
    ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/completed/fluoride
  2. [02]
  3. [03]
    WHO — Drinking-water quality guidelines (fluoride)
    www.who.int/docs/default-source/wash-documents/wash-chemicals/fluoride-background-document.pdf
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